Eczema in Children: Skin Care Dos and Don'ts

Eczema, or atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition that affects millions of children worldwide. It is characterized by dryness, inflammation, itching, and irritated skin, which can cause discomfort and impact a child’s quality of life.

While no definitive cure exists, proper skin care can help manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups. This article will discuss the best skin care practices for children with eczema and habits to avoid.

1. What is Eczema and What Triggers It?

Eczema is an inflammatory skin disorder associated with a defective skin barrier and an overactive immune response.
Common Causes and Triggers

• Genetic predisposition (family history of allergies or asthma)
• Dry weather and cold air
• Chemicals in soaps and detergents
• Synthetic or wool fabrics
• Allergens such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander
• Stress and emotional distress

Managing these triggers and maintaining a proper skincare routine can significantly reduce flare-ups and protect the child from irritation.

2. Skin Care Dos: How to Properly Care for Eczema-Prone Skin

The proper skincare routine can soothe irritation and strengthen the skin barrier.
Use the Right Moisturizers
Moisturizing is the key to controlling eczema. Apply fragrance-free, alcohol-free moisturizers at least twice a day.

• Thicker ointments and balms (like petroleum jelly or beeswax-based creams) are more effective than lotions.
• Creams containing ceramides, hyaluronic acid, and glycerin help restore the skin barrier.

Take Lukewarm Showers Instead of Hot Baths

• Use lukewarm water and avoid hot baths, which strip natural oils from the skin.
• Keep baths under 10 minutes.
• Gently pat the skin dry instead of rubbing it with a towel.

Use Mild, Soap-Free Cleansers

• Choose hypoallergenic, fragrance-free, and sulfate-free cleansers.
• Avoid foaming soaps that dry out the skin.

Dress in Soft, Breathable Fabrics

• Opt for 100% cotton clothing and avoid wool and synthetic fabrics.
• Use hypoallergenic detergents without dyes or fragrances.

Trim Nails to Prevent Scratching
Children often scratch due to itching, which can lead to skin infections.

• Keep nails short and smooth.
• Have the child wear cotton gloves at night to prevent scratching if needed.

Use a Humidifier
Dry air worsens eczema. Using a humidifier in the child’s room can help maintain skin moisture.

3. Skin Care Don'ts: What to Avoid

Avoid Using Products with Fragrance

• Stay away from scented lotions, soaps, and detergents.
• Fragrances can irritate and trigger eczema flare-ups.

Do Not Bathe the Child Too Often

• Excessive bathing can strip moisture from the skin.
• Limit baths to once or every other day for dehydrated skin.

Avoid Harsh Soaps and Detergents

• Harsh cleaning products, such as antibacterial soaps and fabric softeners, can worsen eczema.

Limit Exposure to Irritants

• Avoid chlorinated pools, as chlorine can dry out the skin.
• Minimize dust, pollen, and pet dander exposure if they trigger flare-ups.

Do Not Ignore Flare-Ups
If redness, itching, or skin irritation worsens, consult a pediatric dermatologist. In some cases, medicated creams may be necessary.

4. When to See a Doctor

While eczema can be managed appropriately, some cases require medical attention. See a doctor if:

• The child scratches to the point of bleeding.
• The skin appears infected (blisters, swelling, or pus).
• Symptoms do not improve despite regular care.

Conclusion

Daily skin care is the most effective way to manage eczema. Regular moisturization, avoiding irritants, and maintaining a healthy environment can significantly reduce flare-ups.

If the child has severe eczema, seeking guidance from a specialist can provide tailored treatment options.

References
 

• Costa, E. M., Machado, M., & Silva, S. (2023). Are antimicrobial peptides a 21st-century solution for atopic dermatitis? International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 
• Hadi, H. A., Khalid, K. A., & Gajdács, M. (2021). The epidemiology and global burden of atopic dermatitis: a narrative review. Life. 
• Thomas, K. S., Koller, K., & Dean, T. (2011). A multicentre randomized controlled trial and economic evaluation of ion-exchange water softeners for the treatment of eczema in children. Health Technology Assessment.