The measurement of chloride in urine evaluates the body's acid-base balance, electrolyte control, and hydration status.
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Chloride (chloride, Cl-) is the major anion of the extracellular fluid. Chloride levels are inversely related to those of bicarbonate, thus reflecting the acid-base status. Chloride has several functions, including maintaining electrical neutrality by neutralizing cations such as sodium (NaCl, HCl), acting as a component of the pH buffer system, aiding digestion, and helping maintain osmotic pressure and water balance. Because chloride is so often found in combination with sodium, changes in sodium levels lead to corresponding changes in chloride levels.
The amount of chloride excreted by the kidneys in 24 hours indicates the patient's electrolyte balance and reflects the dietary intake of chloride and sodium.
Possible Interpretations of Pathological Values
- Increase: Cushing's syndrome, dehydration, excessive salt intake, salicylate poisoning, syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH), prolonged fasting. Medications: bromides, thiazide diuretics
- Decrease: Addison's disease, congestive heart failure, diarrhea, sweating, emphysema, low sodium diet, malabsorption, nasogastric suction, pyloric obstruction, renal damage
Important Note
Laboratory test results are the most critical parameter for diagnosing and monitoring all pathological conditions. Between 70 to 80% of diagnostic decisions are based on laboratory tests. Correctly interpreting laboratory results allows a doctor to distinguish "healthy" from "diseased."
Laboratory test results should not be interpreted from the numerical result of a single analysis. Test results should be analyzed based on each case and family history, clinical findings, and the results of other laboratory tests and information. Your physician should explain the importance of your test results.
At Diagnostiki Athinon, we answer any questions you may have about the test you perform in our laboratory and contact your doctor to ensure you receive the best possible medical care.
