An inguinal hernia is characterized by the prolapse of abdominal contents, such as a portion of the intestine, through a weakened area in the inguinal canal, leading to swelling in the groin. Surgery is often necessary to repair the hernia and strengthen the abdominal wall. The assessment of the Polygenic Risk Score for inguinal hernia is based on examining 18 gene polymorphisms.
Genetic testing for inguinal hernia is included along with 14 other diseases in the Genetic Screening for Gastrointestinal Diseases, Polygenic Risk Score, as well as in the Genetic Screening for Musculoskeletal Diseases, Polygenic Risk Score, along with 11 other diseases.
Causes and non-genetic risk factors
Inguinal hernias occur when part of the abdominal contents protrude through a weak opening in the lower abdomen. Many of these hernias have no apparent cause, and others are the result of the following:
- Increased pressure in the abdomen and/or a weak spot in the abdominal wall
- Regular straining with bowel movements or urination
- High impact activities
- Pregnancy
- Chronic coughing and sneezing
In addition, certain risk factors may favor the above causes, such as:
- Sex: men are eight times more likely than women
- Age: it is more common at older ages due to the weakening of tissues
- Chronic constipation can lead to a more significant effort when evacuating
- Premature birth
- Personal history of hernia
Symptoms
An inguinal hernia is not necessarily dangerous. However, if it does not improve on its own, it can lead to life-threatening complications. The most common symptoms include:
- The presence of a bulge on the sides of the pubis becomes more apparent when standing upright or coughing
- Burning or aching sensation in the area
- A sensation of heaviness and weakness in the groin
- Pain and swelling around the testicles may occur if the protruding part descends into the scrotum
One of the severe complications of hernias is the strangulation of its contents, which can interrupt blood flow and require urgent surgery.
Prevention
Inguinal hernia is not entirely preventable, but some measures reduce the strain on abdominal tissues and muscles, for example:
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Eating a diet rich in fiber helps with constipation
- Avoid heavy lifting or high-impact activities
- Avoid smoking, which can lead to chronic coughing and weakening of tissues
