Non-toxic multinodular goiter is a thyroid disorder characterized by multiple nodules in the thyroid gland, leading to thyroid enlargement. Although not cancerous, these nodules can cause difficulty swallowing or breathing. Treatment options depend on the size and symptoms of the goiter and may include medication or surgery. The assessment of the Polygenic Risk Score for non-toxic multinodular goiter is based on examining 22 gene polymorphisms.
Genetic testing for non-toxic multinodular goiter is included along with 13 other diseases in the Genetic Screening for Endocrine and Genitourinary Diseases, Polygenic Risk Score, as well as in the Genetic Screening for Neoplasms and Precancerous Malformations, Polygenic Risk Score, along with 19 other diseases.
Causes and non-genetic risk factors
The thyroid gland needs iodine to produce hormones. If there is not enough, the gland enlarges to try to compensate for this deficiency, so the development of nontoxic goiter is related to iodine deficiency in the diet (starting as simple goiter). In addition, several factors contribute to its development, such as having a family history of goiter, exposure to ionizing radiation, regular intake of goitrogenic substances (cassava, soy, cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower, among others) or the consumption of certain medications.
Symptoms
In most cases, nontoxic multinodular goiter results only in the appearance of a palpable lump in the anterior neck region. This may be accompanied by difficulty swallowing, breathing, or recurrent hoarseness. The natural tendency is toward slow growth.
Prevention
One of the best ways to prevent the appearance of goiter is to avoid iodine deficiency, for example, by using iodized salt to season meals. In addition, supplements with this compound can be taken at times of increased requirement, such as pregnancy or lactation.
