Molecular testing for the Polyoma JC virus diagnoses and manages patients with JC infections.
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Polyomaviruses are DNA viruses (double-stranded DNA, ~ 5,000 base pairs, circular genome), are small (40-50 nm in diameter), have a microscopic structure, and are not surrounded by a lipoprotein envelope. They are potentially oncogenic (i.e., tumor-causing) and often persist, causing latent infections in the host without causing apparent disease. However, they can cause tumors to appear in a host of different species or with an ineffective immune system. The name Polyoma refers to the ability of viruses to create multiple (-oma) tumors.
The most important in terms of pathogenicity to human Polyomaviruses are:
- JC virus that can infect the respiratory system, kidneys, and brain (can sometimes cause fatal progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)
- BK virus causes a mild respiratory infection and can affect the kidneys of immunosuppressed transplant patients. Both viruses are widespread: about 80% of the US adult population has antibodies against JC and BK.
- SV40 virus is not generally considered pathogenic to humans but has been found in various tumors.
In January 2008, a new type of Merkel cell virus was described as the most likely causative agent of Merkel cell cancer (skin carcinoma).
All Polyomaviruses are particularly common in childhood and young adults. Most of these infections appear to cause little or no symptoms. These viruses will likely remain lifelong in almost all adults. Diseases caused to humans by Polyomaviruses are more common among immunocompromised individuals either due to AIDS, old age, or after transplantation.
Important Note
Laboratory test results are the most critical parameter for diagnosing and monitoring all pathological conditions. Between 70 to 80% of diagnostic decisions are based on laboratory tests. Correctly interpreting laboratory results allows a doctor to distinguish "healthy" from "diseased."
Laboratory test results should not be interpreted from the numerical result of a single analysis. Test results should be analyzed based on each case and family history, clinical findings, and the results of other laboratory tests and information. Your physician should explain the importance of your test results.
At Diagnostiki Athinon, we answer any questions you may have about the test you perform in our laboratory and contact your doctor to ensure you receive the best possible medical care.
