Uric acid measurement in the urine is used to evaluate and manage patients with kidney stones, especially uric acid stones, and to assess renal failure.
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Uric acid is formed as the adenine and guanine purines are continuously metabolized during the formation and degradation of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and by the metabolism of the purines consumed by the diet. After its synthesis in the liver by the action of xanthine oxidase, part of the uric acid is excreted in the urine. When increased amounts of uric acid circulate in the serum (hyperuricemia), they are deposited in the joints and soft tissues and cause gout, an inflammatory reaction to the deposition of uric acid crystals. Increased cellular renewal and decreased renal excretion of uric acid may cause hyperuricemia. Increased amounts of uric acid in the urine can lead to kidney stones.
Purine-rich foods that can contribute to gout include caffeinated soft drinks, anchovies, vegetables, spinach, asparagus, mushrooms, meats, liver, sauces, and yeast.
Possible Interpretations of Pathological Values
- Increases: Chronic myeloid leukemia, arthritis, a high-purine diet, infection, liver disease, nephrolithiasis, polycythemia vera, sickle cell anemia, Wilson's disease, and injury. Medications: Ascorbic acid, aspirin (high doses), cytotoxic drugs, phenylbutazone (high doses), probenecid (high doses), radiocontrast agents, and sulfinpyrazone.
- Decrease: Acidosis, alcoholism, folic acid deficiency, glomerulonephritis, lead poisoning, kidney disease, urinary tract obstruction. Medications: Aspirin (low doses), diuretics, phenylbutazone (low doses), probenecid (low doses).
Important Note
Laboratory test results are the most critical parameter for diagnosing and monitoring all pathological conditions. Between 70 to 80% of diagnostic decisions are based on laboratory tests. Correctly interpreting laboratory results allows a doctor to distinguish "healthy" from "diseased."
Laboratory test results should not be interpreted from the numerical result of a single analysis. Test results should be analyzed based on each case and family history, clinical findings, and the results of other laboratory tests and information. Your physician should explain the importance of your test results.
At Diagnostiki Athinon, we answer any questions you may have about the test you perform in our laboratory and contact your doctor to ensure you receive the best possible medical care.
