The AGTR2 1675 G>A polymorphism genetic test analyzes a specific variation in the AGTR2 gene, which encodes the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R), a key component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) involved in vascular function, blood pressure regulation, and cellular growth processes. This test detects a guanine (G) to adenine (A) substitution at nucleotide position 1675, a genetic variation that influences AT2R expression and function. As AT2R counteracts the vasoconstrictive, pro-inflammatory, and hypertrophic effects of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), variations in AGTR2 affect vascular tone, endothelial function, and susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, and stroke.
The angiotensin II type 2 receptor exerts vasodilatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects, promoting nitric oxide (NO) release, inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell growth, and reducing oxidative stress. The AGTR2 1675 G>A polymorphism has been associated with alterations in receptor expression and downstream signaling, with studies suggesting that the A allele may be linked to reduced receptor activity. This genetic variation has been investigated for its role in blood pressure regulation, with some research indicating a potential association with increased hypertension risk, particularly in specific populations. The interplay between AGTR2 and AGTR1 signaling modulates the overall response to angiotensin II, influencing vascular resistance and cardiovascular homeostasis.
The presence of the A allele has been correlated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular conditions, including coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, and ischemic stroke. As AT2R is involved in protective mechanisms that counterbalance AT1R-mediated vasoconstriction and inflammation, diminished receptor function may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, and enhanced susceptibility to atherosclerosis. Interactions with other genetic variations within the RAS, including AGT, ACE, and AGTR1 polymorphisms, may further influence the impact of this polymorphism on cardiovascular risk.
Beyond cardiovascular health, AGTR2 has been implicated in metabolic and renal functions, with studies suggesting a potential role in insulin sensitivity, glucose metabolism, and kidney function. Altered AT2R activity due to the 1675 G>A polymorphism may influence susceptibility to metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and chronic kidney disease, where angiotensin II signaling plays a crucial role in renal perfusion and glucose homeostasis. Additionally, AGTR2 expression in the brain has led to investigations regarding its role in cognitive function, neuroprotection, and neurodegenerative diseases, as AT2R activation has been associated with neuronal growth and anti-inflammatory effects in the central nervous system.
Genetic testing for the AGTR2 1675 G>A polymorphism provides insight into an individual’s genetic predisposition to hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders.
The AGTR2 1675 G>A polymorphism genetic test is also included in:
