Coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) is an alpha-coronavirus that primarily causes upper respiratory infections in humans, typically leading to mild symptoms such as a runny nose, sore throat, cough, and mild fever. It was first identified in 2004 and is known to circulate seasonally, contributing to respiratory illnesses, particularly during the colder months. While most infections caused by HCoV-NL63 are self-limiting and resolve without medical intervention, the virus can occasionally lead to more severe respiratory conditions, such as pneumonia, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, or those with pre-existing respiratory conditions. The molecular detection of HCoV-NL63 is used to confirm the presence of the virus in respiratory samples, providing a precise diagnosis and differentiating it from other pathogens that cause similar symptoms, such as rhinoviruses or influenza.
The molecular detection of HCoV-NL63 is performed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a highly sensitive and specific technique that amplifies small amounts of viral RNA from respiratory samples. Samples such as nasal or throat swabs, sputum, or nasopharyngeal aspirates are collected from individuals presenting with symptoms. The viral RNA is extracted, and reverse transcription is used to convert it into complementary DNA (cDNA). Specific primers are then used to amplify targeted regions of the HCoV-NL63 genome, allowing for its detection even in low quantities within the sample. This method provides early and accurate diagnosis, which is especially important as the virus can present with symptoms similar to other respiratory viruses.
Like other coronaviruses, HCoV-NL63 enters human cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. After entering the cells, the virus replicates and produces new viral particles, which are then released to infect additional cells in the respiratory tract. The immune system responds to the infection, but most cases remain mild. However, more severe respiratory symptoms can develop in vulnerable individuals, making the accurate detection of the virus critical for managing the illness and preventing complications.
The test Coronavirus NL63, Molecular Detection is performed with other respiratory viruses: Respiratory Tract Viral Panel, Molecular Detection.
