The Relationships between Intestinal Permeability and Target Antibodies for a Spectrum of Autoimmune Diseases
The worldwide prevalence of autoimmune diseases that have limited treatment options and preventive strategies is rapidly rising. There is growing evidence that the microbiota and the integrity of the intestinal barrier play a role in autoimmune diseases. The potential to evaluate intestinal barrier integrity for susceptible individuals and to determine whether restoring intestinal junction integrity impacts autoimmune diseases is an important area of research that requires further attention. In the intestinal permeability model of autoimmune diseases, the breakdown of the intestinal tight junction proteins (zonulin/occludin) allows bacteria, toxins, undigested dietary proteins, and other antigens to pass into the lumen, thereby increasing the number of inflammatory reactions and the activation of immune cells throughout the body. In this study, we investigate the relationship between zonulin/occludin antibodies, which are used to determine intestinal permeability, with autoantibodies used to diagnose autoimmunity. Our investigation may identify significant levels of circulating autoantibodies in human subjects with intestinal permeability compared to those without intestinal permeability. Furthermore, we identified that significant positive linear correlations between serum occludin/zonulin antibodies and circulating autoantibodies could be used to determine autoimmune diseases.
The Relationships between Intestinal Permeability and Target Antibodies for a Spectrum of Autoimmune Diseases
Datis Kharrazian 1,2,3, Martha Herbert 1,2,4, and Jama Lambert 5
1. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
2. Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02114, USA
3. Department of Preventive Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
4. Higher Synthesis Foundation, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
5. Independent Researcher, Puerto Vallarta 48300, Jalisco, Mexico
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(22), 16352
